Matching the scale of independent objects or intelligently scaling objects when 3d printing

ABSTRACT

A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, where the program instructions are executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method. The method includes identifying a first data file that includes first dimensions that may be used by a three-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model of a first object, identifying a second data file that includes second dimensions that may be used by a three-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model of a second object, determining a proportionality factor between the first dimensions and the second dimensions, multiplying the dimensions in the second data file by the proportionality factor, and causing the three-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model of the second object using the scaled dimensions.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to methods of three-dimensional printing.

2. Background of the Related Art

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a process of making athree-dimensional object from a digital model using an additive process,where successive layers of material are laid down over previous layers.The material may be a thermoplastic polymer filament that is heated andextruded through a narrow nozzle. In one type of three-dimensionalprinter, the nozzle, the table supporting the material, or both is movedto control where the material is deposited. Other types ofthree-dimensional printers may use alternative mechanisms to control theposition of a nozzle for dispensing the material.

3D printing is becoming a big industry with a growing number of printermanufacturers and web sites that provide construction plans in the formof a data file for downloading to a computer. Unfortunately, 3D printingis much more complex than 2D printing and requires much more time toproduce an object. Objects that are printed at a fine level of detailand are not tiny can take many hours to complete. Ideally, a 3D printjob is not started unless there is enough time and materials to completethe job.

BRIEF SUMMARY

One embodiment provides a computer program product comprising a computerreadable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith,where the program instructions are executable by a processor to causethe processor to perform a method. The method comprises identifying afirst data file that includes first dimensions that may be used by athree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofa first object, identifying a second data file that includes seconddimensions that may be used by a three-dimensional printer to form aphysical three-dimensional model of a second object, determining aproportionality factor between the first dimensions and the seconddimensions, multiplying the dimensions in the second data file by theproportionality factor, and causing the three-dimensional printer toform a physical three-dimensional model of the second object using thescaled dimensions.

Another embodiment provides a method comprising identifying a first datafile that includes first dimensions that may be used by athree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofa first object, identifying a second data file that includes seconddimensions that may be used by a three-dimensional printer to form aphysical three-dimensional model of a second object, determining aproportionality factor between the first dimensions and the seconddimensions, multiplying the dimensions in the second data file by theproportionality factor, and causing the three-dimensional printer toform a physical three-dimensional model of the second object using thescaled dimensions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a computer controlling a three-dimensionalprinter.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a computer according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an alternative three-dimensional printer.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating one manner of providing user input thatdetermines the proportionality factor between a first data file and asecond data file.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method in accordance with one embodiment ofthe present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

One embodiment provides a computer program product comprising a computerreadable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith,where the program instructions are executable by a processor to causethe processor to perform a method. The method comprises identifying afirst data file that includes first dimensions that may be used by athree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofa first object, identifying a second data file that includes seconddimensions that may be used by a three-dimensional printer to form aphysical three-dimensional model of a second object, determining aproportionality factor between the first dimensions and the seconddimensions, multiplying the dimensions in the second data file by theproportionality factor, and causing the three-dimensional printer toform a physical three-dimensional model of the second object using thescaled dimensions.

According to one optional feature, the dimensions in the first data filemay be historical dimensions that were previously used by thethree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofthe first object. In other words, the first data file describes theactual dimensions that the printer used when forming a particularthree-dimensional model of the first object, rather than simply theintended dimensions of the first object. For example, if a data file isbeing used to form a print job and the dimensions in the data file arescaled at the time of printing, such as to fit within a print envelopeof the three-dimensional printer or to match the scale of another datafile, then the actual dimensions used may be recorded in the first datafile, either replacing the original dimensions or appending the originaldimensions with the actual dimensions of this model or any number ofmodels that may be formed over time. Alternatively, the method maymaintain a separate database of completed print jobs and the actualdimensions and other parameters used to form the object. Still further,the first data file may also include parameters that were previouslyused by the three-dimensional printer to form the physicalthree-dimensional model of the first object, wherein the parameters areselected from scale value, color, texture, and material. Theseparameters may reflect the type and amount of material that wasavailable at the time the model was formed, or the capabilities of thethree-dimensional printer that was used to form the model. The scalevalue may be a ratio of the dimensions in the first data file todimensions of a full scale instance of the first object, or a percentageof a maximum print envelope of the three-dimensional printer.

According to another optional feature, the method may generate anddisplay a first image of the first object as described by the first datafile and a second image of the second object as described by the seconddata file, wherein the dimensions of the first image are proportional todimensions in the first data file and the dimensions of the second imageare proportional to the dimensions in the second data file, and whereindetermining a proportionality factor between the first dimensions andthe second dimensions, includes accepting user input that isdeterminative of the proportionality factor. For example, the user inputmay modify the relative sizes of the first and second images, such asusing mouse or track pad to click-and-drag a portion of the first orsecond image such that the image is resized relative to the other image.The extent of the resizing becomes the proportionality factor.Alternatively, the user input may identify a first feature of the firstimage and a second feature of the second image that should be the samedimensions. For instance, if you have printed a chair and are about toprint a figure of a person, you can use the section of the figure(person) from the foot to the knee as compared to the height of the seaton the chair to set the relative size of the two objects. The amount ofresizing that would need to occur for first feature to be the samedimensions as the second feature becomes the proportionality factor. Insome instances, the second data file may include a dimensionallimitation specified by an author of the second data file, and themethod may therefore notify the user that the dimensional limitation ofthe second data file prohibits forming the second object using theproportionality factor. Presumably, the user would provide further inputuntil arriving at a proportionality factor that did not violate thedimensional limitation.

Embodiments of the method may further include scaling the dimensions ofboth the first data file and the second data file so that the firstdimensions of the three-dimensional model of the first object and thesecond dimensions of the three-dimensional model of the second object donot exceed dimensions of a print envelop of the three-dimensionalprinter, wherein the proportionality factor between the first dimensionsand the second dimensions is maintained. Scaling of the dimensions inthis manner assure that the scaled three-dimensional models of the firstand second objects can actually be formed within the print envelop ofthe three-dimensional printer prior to submitting the first print job tothe printer.

A still further optional feature of the method addresses the use ofmultiple three-dimensional printers, where the first object may beformed by the first three-dimensional printer and the second object maybe formed by the second three-dimensional printer. The method mayfurther comprise scaling the dimensions of the first data file so thatdimensions of the three-dimensional model of the first object do notexceed dimensions of a print envelop of a first three-dimensionalprinter, and scaling the dimensions of the second data file so thatdimensions of the three-dimensional model of the second object do notexceed dimensions of a print envelop of a second three-dimensionalprinter, wherein the proportionality factor between the first dimensionsand the second dimensions is maintained. For example, if the secondprinter has a small print envelope and causes the dimensions of thesecond data file to be further scaled down, then maintaining theproportionality factor between the first dimensions and the seconddimensions means that the dimensions of the first data file will need tobe similarly scaled down even though the first three-dimensional printerhas a sufficiently large print envelop to form the three-dimensionalmodel of the first object prior to further scaling. Ultimately, themethod instructs the first three-dimensional printer to form thethree-dimensional model of the first object using the scaled dimensionsof the first data file, and instructs the second three-dimensionalprinter to form the three-dimensional model of the second object usingthe scaled dimensions of the second data file.

Yet another optional feature of the method may identify a resolutioncapability of the three-dimensional printer, identify a resolutionrequired by the first data file and the second data file, and scale thedimensions of the first data file and the second data file so that thethree-dimensional printer can form the three-dimensional model of thefirst object and the three-dimensional model of the second object withthe required detail level while maintaining the proportionality factorbetween the first and second objects.

In various embodiments, the first or second data file may includeparameters that specify one or more color for the three-dimensionalmodel. In one option, the method may modify a second color specified inthe second data file to match a first color specified in the first datafile. Furthermore, the method may modify at least a third colorspecified in the second data file to maintain a relative colorassociation between the second color and the third color in response tothe second color being modified to match the first color. For instance,a user may want to print a piece of three-dimensional jewelry that hasthree colors in it. One of the colors may be matched to the color ofanother object, and the other two colors may be modified so that thethree colors specified in the data file for the jewelry object maintainthe same relative difference in color. In another option, the method maysubstitute a second color for a first color specified in either thefirst data file or the second data file according to a predeterminedcolor substitution rule. In a further option, the method may substitutea predetermined color for a first color specified in either the firstdata file or the second data file in response to the first data file orthe second data file specifying a predetermined object type. Forexample, if the data file specified the color brown and that the objecttype was silverware, then a predetermined rule all silverware should besilver would cause the specified color to be substituted with silver.

Another optional feature of the method may include scaling thedimensions of the first data file or the second data file by a furtherpredetermined amount in response to the first data file or the seconddata file specifying a predetermined origin. For example, all of theprintable data files from a given company may be twice as big as theuser desires, such that a rule is established that any data file fromthe given company should be scaled down to half size.

Still further, the method may create the first data file from a pictureof the first object including at least one known dimension or referencedimension. For example, a picture of the first object may be taken witha ruler or other object of a known size laying beside the first object.

Embodiments of the method may also substituting a lighter weightmaterial for a first material specified in either the first data file orthe second data file and filling internal voids specified the first datafile or the second data file in order to increase the weight of thethree-dimensional model of the first object or the three-dimensionalmodel of the second object. A data file may identify a material and anexpected weight for the three-dimensional model of the object, as wellas identify whether the object should be hollow solid. The material,weight and construction are interrelated. If a lighter weight materialis be used but it is desired to keep the weight the same or similar towhat is specified in the data file, then the construction can be changedfrom hollow to solid. For example, the pieces of a chess set willpreferably feel similar. If one piece is to be made with a lighterweight material than the other pieces, then the one piece may be madesolid in order to increase the weight. The method may calculate a rangeof possible weights for each object given a range of materials andpossible construction changes.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a system 10 including a computer 20 controlling athree-dimensional printer 30. This three-dimensional printer 30 includesa filament spool 32 for supplying a plastic filament 34 into an extruder36. The heated plastic is pushed through a nozzle 38 onto a print bed ortable 40 where the object is printed. As shown, the object 48 hasalready received a number of layers of plastic material, such that thenozzle is some distance above the table 40.

The position of the tip of the nozzle 38 determines where a thin layerof the plastic material will be placed. As the plastic passes throughthe nozzle 38, the nozzle 38 may be moved back and forth along an X-axisby an X-axis motor 42, and the table 40 may be moved back and forthalong a Y-axis by a Y-axis motor 44. As each layer has been completed inthe X-Y plane, the table may be moved down along a Z-axis by a Z-axismotor 46 so that another layer of the plastic may be applied through thenozzle moving in along the X-axis while the object or work piece ismoved along with the table along the Y-axis. The printer also includesstructural members that guide the nozzle along the X-axis, guide thetable along the Y-axis, and guide the table along the Z-axis. Thecomputer 20 provides instructions to the printer 30 to operate theX-axis motor 42, the Y-axis motor 44, and the X-axis motor 46 in amanner that positions the nozzle 38 where is can progressively build theobject.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an alternative three-dimensional printer 50. The3D printer 50 has a stable base 52 and various arms 54, 56, 58. The baseand the arms are pivotally coupled with various axis. For example, thebase 52 has a vertical axis 60 so that an upper portion 53 of the base,as well as the entire assembly above the upper portion 53, can rotate.The upper portion 53 of the base and the first arm 54 are pivotallycoupled about a first horizontal axis 62, and the first arm 54 ispivotally coupled to the second arm 56 about a second horizontal axis64. The second arm 56 and the third arm 58 are pivotally coupled aboutthe axis 66, which is perpendicular to the axis 66. Further still, thenozzle 59 is pivotally coupled to the third arm 58 about the axis 68.The pivot angle between each pair of the foregoing components can beindependently controlled by a motor receiving control signals from acomputer or similar controller. Accordingly, the tip of the nozzle 59can be positioned to dispense material in three-dimensions and invarious angular orientations. In the embodiment shown, the material isdelivered to the nozzle 59 through a tube 57 from a material source (notshown). The three-dimensional printer 50 is operated under computercontrol to position the nozzle 59 to print material to form athree-dimensional model of an object. The flow of material through thenozzle 59 may be controlled by a pump (not shown) and/or a valve (notshown) receiving control signals from the computer.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an exemplary computer 20 that may be used inaccordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The computer 20includes a processor unit 104 that is coupled to a system bus 106.Processor unit 104 may utilize one or more processors, each of which hasone or more processor cores. A video adapter 108, which drives/supportsa display 22, is also coupled to system bus 106. The system bus 106 iscoupled via a bus bridge 112 to an input/output (I/O) bus 114. An I/Ointerface 116 is coupled to I/O bus 114. I/O interface 116 affordscommunication with various I/O devices, including a keyboard 23, a mouse24, a camera or scanner 25 and a 3D printer 30. The I/O devices mayoptionally include storage devices, such as CD-ROM drives andmulti-media interfaces, other printers, and external USB port(s). Whilethe format of the ports connected to I/O interface 116 may be any knownto those skilled in the art of computer architecture, in a preferredembodiment some or all of these ports are universal serial bus (USB)ports. As depicted, the computer 20 is able to communicate over anetwork 38 using a network interface 130. The network 38 may be anexternal network, such as the global communication network, and perhapsalso an internal network such as an Ethernet LAN or a virtual privatenetwork (VPN).

A hard drive interface 132 is also coupled to system bus 106 andinterfaces with a hard drive 134. In a preferred embodiment, the harddrive 134 populates a system memory 136, which is also coupled to systembus 106. System memory is defined as a lowest level of volatile memoryin computer 100. This volatile memory includes additional higher levelsof volatile memory (not shown), including, but not limited to, cachememory, registers and buffers. Data that populates system memory 136includes the computer's operating system (OS) 138 and applicationprograms 144.

The operating system 138 includes a shell 140, for providing transparentuser access to resources such as application programs 144. Generally,shell 140 is a program that provides an interpreter and an interfacebetween the user and the operating system. More specifically, shell 140executes commands that are entered into a command line user interface orfrom a file. Thus, shell 140, also called a command processor, isgenerally the highest level of the operating system software hierarchyand serves as a command interpreter. The shell provides a system prompt,interprets commands entered by keyboard, mouse, or other user inputmedia, and sends the interpreted command(s) to the appropriate lowerlevels of the operating system (e.g., a kernel 142) for processing. Notethat while shell 140 is a text-based, line-oriented user interface, thepresent invention will equally well support other user interface modes,such as graphical, voice, gestural, etc.

As depicted, the OS 138 also includes a kernel 142, which includes lowerlevels of functionality for OS 138, including providing essentialservices required by other parts of OS 138 and application programs 144,including memory management, process and task management, diskmanagement, and mouse and keyboard management. The application programs144 in the system memory of the computer 20 may include various programsand modules for implementing the methods described herein, such as the3D printer control (print driver) logic 82, the 3D data files 84, anduser interface and dimensional scaling logic 86.

The hardware elements depicted in computer 20 are not intended to beexhaustive, but rather are representative components suitable to performthe processes of the present invention. For instance, computer 20 mayinclude alternate memory storage devices such as magnetic cassettes,digital versatile disks (DVDs), Bernoulli cartridges, and the like.These and other variations are intended to be within the spirit andscope of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating one manner of providing user input thatdetermines the proportionality factor between a first data file and asecond data file. Consistent with FIG. 3, FIG. 4 shows the computer 20including memory 136 and an I/O interface 116 that is coupled to adisplay 22, mouse 24 and 3D printer 30. Similarly, the memory 136includes the 3D printer control (print driver) logic 82, the 3D datafiles 84, and user interface and dimensional scaling logic 86.

The 3D data files 84 include at least a first data file 70 and a seconddata file 72. Both data files 70, 72 include various parameters about anobject that may be printed on the three-dimensional printer using thedata file. For example, the first data file 70 includes an “object type”parameter which is a “table”, and various other parameters, such asmaterial, color, dimensions, and the like. While many parameters are notshown, the first data file 70 shows a height dimension of 32 inches. Inthis example, the second data file 72 includes an “object type”parameter which is a “chair”, and various other parameters, such asmaterial, color, dimensions, and the like. While many parameters are notshown, the second data file 72 shows a height dimension of 24 inches.

Continuing with this example, a proportionality factor between the firstdimensions and the second dimensions may be determined by user input. Asshown, the computer 20 executes the user interface and dimensionalscaling logic 86 to generate and display a first image 74 of the firstobject as described by the first data file 70 and a second image 76 ofthe second object as described by the second data file 72. Thedimensions of the first image 74 are proportional to dimensions (i.e.,height of 32 inches) in the first data file 70 and the dimensions of thesecond image 76 are proportional to the dimensions (i.e., height of 24inches) in the second data file 72.

The computer 20 receives user input from the mouse 24, which may be usedto modify the relative sizes of the first and second images. 74, 76. Forexample, the mouse may be used to click-and-drag on a portion of thesecond image 76 (the chair) in order to resize the image of the chair sothat the relative sizes chair and the table are as desired. For example,it might be desirable to form the chair at about twice the displayedsize relative to the displayed size of the table. The percentageincrease in the second image 76 resulting from the user input is theproportionality factor. The dimensions in the second data file 72 arethen multiplied by the proportionality factor when preparing a print jobfor printing a three-dimensional model of the second object (the chair).Accordingly, the three-dimensional printer may be instructed to form aphysical three-dimensional model of the second object using the scaleddimensions. Once the first and second objects are both printed, theyshould be in the same relative proportions specified by the user inputon the display.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method 90. In step 91, the method identifiesa first data file that includes first dimensions that may be used by athree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofa first object. In step 92, the method identifies a second data filethat includes second dimensions that may be used by a three-dimensionalprinter to form a physical three-dimensional model of a second object.Step 93 determines a proportionality factor between the first dimensionsand the second dimensions. The dimensions in the second data file aremultiplied by the proportionality factor in step 94, and thethree-dimensional printer is instructed to form a physicalthree-dimensional model of the second object using the scaled dimensionsin step 95.

The foregoing computer program products may further include computerreadable program code for implementing or initiating any one or moreaspects of the methods described herein. Accordingly, a separatedescription of the methods will not be duplicated in the context of acomputer program product.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Asused herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended toinclude the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicatesotherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify thepresence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components and/or groups, but do not preclude the presence or additionof one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements,components, and/or groups thereof. The terms “preferably,” “preferred,”“prefer,” “optionally,” “may,” and similar terms are used to indicatethat an item, condition or step being referred to is an optional (notrequired) feature of the invention.

The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of allmeans or steps plus function elements in the claims below are intendedto include any structure, material, or act for performing the functionin combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. Thedescription of the present invention has been presented for purposes ofillustration and description, but it is not intended to be exhaustive orlimited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications andvariations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the artwithout departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Theembodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain theprinciples of the invention and the practical application, and to enableothers of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention forvarious embodiments with various modifications as are suited to theparticular use contemplated.

1. A computer program product comprising a computer readable storagemedium having program instructions embodied therewith, the programinstructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to performa method comprising: identifying a first data file that includes firstdimensions that may be used by a three-dimensional printer to form aphysical three-dimensional model of a first object; identifying a seconddata file that includes second dimensions that may be used by athree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofa second object; determining a proportionality factor between the firstdimensions and the second dimensions; multiplying the dimensions in thesecond data file by the proportionality factor; and causing thethree-dimensional printer to form a physical three-dimensional model ofthe second object using the scaled dimensions.
 2. The computer programproduct of claim 1, wherein the dimensions in the first data file arehistorical dimensions that were previously used by the three-dimensionalprinter to form a physical three-dimensional model of the first object.3. The computer program product of claim 2, wherein the first data fileincludes parameters that were previously used by the three-dimensionalprinter to form the physical three-dimensional model of the firstobject, wherein the parameters are selected from scale value, color,texture, and material.
 4. The computer program product of claim 3,wherein the scale value is a ratio of the dimensions in the first datafile to dimensions of a full scale instance of the first object.
 5. Thecomputer program product of claim 3, wherein the scale value is apercentage of a maximum print envelope of the three-dimensional printer.6. The computer program product of claim 1, further comprising:generating and displaying a first image of the first object as describedby the first data file and a second image of the second object asdescribed by the second data file, wherein the dimensions of the firstimage are proportional to dimensions in the first data file and thedimensions of the second image are proportional to the dimensions in thesecond data file, and wherein determining a proportionality factorbetween the first dimensions and the second dimensions, includesaccepting user input that is determinative of the proportionalityfactor.
 7. The computer program product of claim 6, wherein the userinput modifies the relative sizes of the first and second images.
 8. Thecomputer program product of claim 6, wherein the user input identifies afirst feature of the first image and a second feature of the secondimage that should be the same dimensions.
 9. The computer programproduct of claim 6, wherein the second data file includes a dimensionallimitation specified by an author of the second data file, the methodfurther comprising: notifying the user that the dimensional limitationof the second data file prohibits forming the second object using theproportionality factor.
 10. The computer program product of claim 1,further comprising: scaling the dimensions of both the first data fileand the second data file so that the first dimensions of thethree-dimensional model of the first object and the second dimensions ofthe three-dimensional model of the second object do not exceeddimensions of a print envelop of the three-dimensional printer, whereinthe proportionality factor between the first dimensions and the seconddimensions is maintained.
 11. The computer program product of claim 1,further comprising: scaling the dimensions of the first data file sothat dimensions of the three-dimensional model of the first object donot exceed dimensions of a print envelop of a first three-dimensionalprinter; scaling the dimensions of the second data file so thatdimensions of the three-dimensional model of the second object do notexceed dimensions of a print envelop of a second three-dimensionalprinter, wherein the proportionality factor between the first dimensionsand the second dimensions is maintained; causing the firstthree-dimensional printer to form the three-dimensional model of thefirst object using the scaled dimensions of the first data file; andcausing the second three-dimensional printer to form thethree-dimensional model of the second object using the scaled dimensionsof the second data file.
 12. The computer program product of claim 1,further comprising: identifying a resolution capability of thethree-dimensional printer; identifying a resolution required by thefirst data file and the second data file; and scaling the dimensions ofthe first data file and the second data file so that thethree-dimensional printer can form the three-dimensional model of thefirst object and the three-dimensional model of the second object withthe required detail level while maintaining the proportionality factorbetween the first and second objects.
 13. The computer program productof claim 1, further comprising: modifying a second color specified inthe second data file to match a first color specified in the first datafile.
 14. The computer program product of claim 13, further comprising:modifying at least a third color specified in the second data file tomaintain a relative color association between the second color and thethird color in response to the second color being modified to match thefirst color.
 15. The computer program product of claim 1, furthercomprising: substituting a second color for a first color specified ineither the first data file or the second data file according to apredetermined color substitution rule.
 16. The computer program productof claim 1, further comprising: substituting a predetermined color for afirst color specified in either the first data file or the second datafile in response to the first data file or the second data filespecifying a predetermined object type.
 17. The computer program productof claim 1, further comprising: scaling the dimensions of the first datafile or the second data file by a further predetermined amount inresponse to the first data file or the second data file specifying apredetermined origin.
 18. The computer program product of claim 1,further comprising: creating the first data file from a picture of thefirst object including at least one known dimension or referencedimension.
 19. The computer program product of claim 1, furthercomprising: substituting a lighter material for a first materialspecified in either the first data file or the second data file andfilling internal voids specified the first data file or the second datafile in order to increase the weight of the three-dimensional model ofthe first object or the three-dimensional model of the second object.20. (canceled)